{
	"version": "https://jsonfeed.org/version/1",
	"title": "W. Caleb McDaniel",
	"icon": "https://avatars.micro.blog/avatars/2024/21/1620562.jpg",
	"home_page_url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/",
	"feed_url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/feed.json",
	"items": [
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/09/15/spotted-a-screech-owl-on.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>Spotted a screech owl on campus this morning, almost to the day when I found one <a href=\"https://updates.wcaleb.org/2025/09/09/my-day-started-by-finding.html\">last year</a>. Circling this week on the calendar!</p>\n<p>UPDATE: And two great-horned owls, too!</p>\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-09-15T08:18:25-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/09/15/spotted-a-screech-owl-on.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/09/04/looking-forward-to-the-opening.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>Looking forward to the opening of this new exhibit curated by colleagues at Rice: <a href=\"https://aie.rice.edu/latinxhistories\">Beyond The Hedges: Historias de Latinidad at Rice University</a> will be on view at the Houston Public Library&rsquo;s Julia Ideson Building later this month!</p>\n<img src=\"https://updates.wcaleb.org/uploads/2026/bth-exhibition-flyer.jpg\" width=\"463\" height=\"600\" alt=\"A flyer with information about the Beyond the Hedges exhibition includes four archival photographs\">\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-09-04T13:33:29-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/09/04/looking-forward-to-the-opening.html",
				"tags": ["rice"]
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/09/03/updated-some-notes-in-my.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>Updated some notes in my open research notebook: <a href=\"http://wiki.wcaleb.rice.edu/_diff/Refugeed%20Slaves?to=67f7ba866e6642d2ac2a2663c1d277a32546c252\">Refugeed Slaves</a>.</p>\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-09-03T10:11:46-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/09/03/updated-some-notes-in-my.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/08/31/heres-a-nice-review-of.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>Here&rsquo;s a <a href=\"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/134/article/999520/summary\">nice review</a> of <em>Slavery, Segregation, and the Second Founding of Rice University</em> by Scot McFarlane.</p>\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-08-31T09:21:48-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/08/31/heres-a-nice-review-of.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/08/29/new-office-door-decor-courtesy.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>New office door decor, courtesy of <a href=\"https://www.robinsloan.com/newsletters/shopkeeper/\">Robin Sloan</a> quoting <a href=\"https://johnsalvatier.org/blog/2017/reality-has-a-surprising-amount-of-detail\">John Salvatier</a> and featuring a photograph of airmail pilot <a href=\"https://postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibition/fad-to-fundamental-airmail-in-america-airmail-pilot-stories-no-old-bold-pilots-they-0\">William &ldquo;Wild Bill&rdquo; Hopson</a>. Salvatier used the phrase to make a point about physical reality. But I think it&rsquo;s a good mantra for historians, too. 🗃️</p>\n<img src=\"https://updates.wcaleb.org/uploads/2026/media.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"800\" alt=\"Picture of a poster with a photograph of an early twentieth century pilot and the phrase Reality has a surprising amount of detail\">\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-08-29T12:08:01-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/08/29/new-office-door-decor-courtesy.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/08/27/ive-spent-the-am-organizing.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>I&rsquo;ve spent the AM organizing some materials to deposit in <a href=\"https://library.rice.edu/places/woodson-research-center-special-collections-archives\">special collections</a>. Most relate to the <a href=\"https://taskforce.rice.edu\">Task Force</a> and the <a href=\"https://taskforce.rice.edu/second-foundings\">Second Foundings Conference</a>. Working on institutional history gives anyone new appreciation for how important it is to preserve such records, but it definitely takes time and care.</p>\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-08-27T12:06:30-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/08/27/ive-spent-the-am-organizing.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/08/25/a-nice-story-and-brief.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>A <a href=\"https://graduate.rice.edu/current-news/nearly-270-new-doctoral-students-begin-their-rice-journey-matriculation-ceremony\">nice story and brief video</a> about the matriculation ceremony for doctoral students at Rice, <a href=\"https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/08/19/this-morning-i-spoke-to.html\">which I spoke at last week</a>.</p>\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-08-25T09:45:06-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/08/25/a-nice-story-and-brief.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/08/25/tfw-you-meant-to-upload.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>TFW you meant to upload a receipt to your expense report and instead uploaded a photo of your house cat from 2002.</p>\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-08-25T07:45:36-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/08/25/tfw-you-meant-to-upload.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/08/20/this-year-i-will-be.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>This year I will be serving as interim department chair for history at Rice. Today we welcomed a great new cohort of doctoral students into our program.</p>\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-08-20T20:06:22-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/08/20/this-year-i-will-be.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/08/19/one-of-the-coolest-things.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>One of the coolest things about Rice is the residential college system. Each college has faculty and staff associates who are assigned a small group of new students to get to know. Just finished writing welcome notes to each of ours, and now headed to dinner with them at Duncan College.</p>\n<img src=\"https://updates.wcaleb.org/uploads/2026/faea9ab57c.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" alt=\"\">\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-08-19T16:32:28-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/08/19/one-of-the-coolest-things.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/08/19/this-morning-i-spoke-to.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>This morning I spoke to all the matriculating doctoral students at Rice University. I told the story of <a href=\"https://updates.wcaleb.org/2024/12/17/ntozake-shange-and.html\">Dr. Julius S. Scott</a> and &ldquo;<a href=\"https://www.publicbooks.org/julius-s-scott-iii-1955-2021-the-common-wind/\">The Dissertation</a>.&rdquo;</p>\n<img src=\"https://updates.wcaleb.org/uploads/2026/julius-scott-slides.png\" width=\"600\" height=\"304\" alt=\"Slides from a powerpoint presentation about historian Julius S. Scott\">\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-08-19T10:15:24-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/08/19/this-morning-i-spoke-to.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/08/14/an-ezproxy-shortcut.html",
				"title": "An EZProxy Shortcut",
				"content_html": "<p>I hacked together <a href=\"https://www.icloud.com/shortcuts/8dbfa920b1a24047aa861e864fee7aed\">an iPhone shortcut</a> that helps when I hit certain paywalls.</p>\n<p>The use case: I’m on the page for a journal article that the Rice library should have access to, but it’s saying I don’t.</p>\n<p>Rice’s library uses <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EZproxy\">EZProxy</a>, so what I need to do is modify the URL slightly in order to trigger logging in to my institution’s access.</p>\n<p>Now I just “share” the page with my shortcut, and it opens the page with the modified URL so that I can read it.</p>\n<p>Probably pretty brittle, but it seems to be working with the sites where the issue usually arises (e.g., JSTOR, Muse, Chronicle). It might work with other institutions, too, if you modify the text variable in the shortcut that refers to Rice.</p>\n<p>Here’s a <a href=\"https://updates.wcaleb.org/uploads/2026/ezproxy-shortcut.gif\">GIF animation</a> of the shortcut in action.</p>\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-08-14T09:39:57-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/08/14/an-ezproxy-shortcut.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/08/08/more-of-the-exhibit-at.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>More of the exhibit at the Levi Jordan site. Proud to see the work of Rice students, led by mentors including Daniel Domingues da Silva and Molly Morgan, featured here.</p>\n<img src=\"https://updates.wcaleb.org/uploads/2026/d08a8d910e.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" alt=\"\">\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-08-08T15:20:57-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/08/08/more-of-the-exhibit-at.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/08/08/i-spent-the-morning-attending.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>I spent the morning attending a meeting of the Texas Consortium of Universities and Colleges Studying Slavery and Race, and visiting the <a href=\"https://thc.texas.gov/historic-sites/levi-jordan-plantation\">Levi Jordan Plantation Historic Site</a>. There I was also able to see an <a href=\"https://magazine.rice.edu/summer-2022/living-voyages\">exhibit created by Rice students</a> on the trafficking of enslaved people to Texas.</p>\n<img src=\"https://updates.wcaleb.org/uploads/2026/c35adf8803.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" alt=\"\">\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-08-08T15:16:54-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/08/08/i-spent-the-morning-attending.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/08/06/my-new-progressive-lenses-are.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>My new progressive lenses are in a frame called Hayden. It will probably take a couple weeks to get used to reading everything as emplotment.</p>\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-08-06T08:44:58-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/08/06/my-new-progressive-lenses-are.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/07/23/why-regional-branches-of-the.html",
				"title": "Why Regional Branches of the National Archives Matter 🗃️",
				"content_html": "<p>The Organization of American Historians has alerted members that the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) <a href=\"https://www.oah.org/2026/07/20/oah-sends-letter-of-concern-to-acting-aotus-about-announced-regional-nara-closures/\">plans to close two regional branches</a> in Chicago and San Bruno, California.</p>\n<p>I agree entirely with the OAH that this would be a disastrous decision, one &ldquo;driven by chronic underfunding, not archival need.&rdquo; And I also can attest personally to the value of staff expertise at regional branches. Losing archivists and narrowing access to these libraries would represent a terrible loss for historians and the general public.</p>\n<p>Let me explain why.</p>\n<p>I first visited the <a href=\"https://www.archives.gov/chicago\">National Archives at Chicago</a> on <a href=\"http://wcaleb.org/twitter/648480065185943552/\">September 28, 2015</a>, while beginning the research for my book, <a href=\"http://wcaleb.org/books/sweet-taste-of-liberty\"><em>Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America</em></a>. At the time, though, I wasn&rsquo;t sure there would be a book, much less one that would receive the distinctions of a Pulitzer Prize and an OAH award.</p>\n<p>I had just started to trace the story of Henrietta Wood, a formerly enslaved woman who managed to sue a former enslaver (Zebulon Ward) for restitution after the Civil War. I knew that in 1878 a federal court had awarded Wood $2,500, which represented the largest known sum ever awarded by a U.S. court in reparations for slavery. But key questions remained unanswered. In 2015 I didn&rsquo;t know, for instance, whether Wood had ever actually received the money.</p>\n<p>To answer that question, I needed to find the original case file in <em>Wood v. Ward.</em></p>\n<p>I managed to determine that the case likely resided at the Chicago branch of the National Archives, which holds the <a href=\"https://www.archives.gov/chicago/finding-aids/courts/us-courts-cincinnati.html\">Records of the U.S. Circuit Court</a> for the Southern District of Ohio, Western Division (Cincinnati). When I showed up at the reading room in Chicago, <a href=\"http://wcaleb.org/twitter/648505709181583360/\">I quickly found docket books</a> that documented the case. But as I detail in the Epilogue to <em>Sweet Taste of Liberty,</em> <a href=\"http://wcaleb.org/twitter/648541443418537984/\">the case file itself seemed to be lost</a>.</p>\n<p>The eventual discovery of the missing file was, for me, a <a href=\"http://wcaleb.org/twitter/648565764476170240/\">dramatic moment</a>, and my recounting of it comes near the end of the book.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>The archivists at the reading room made several more attempts to locate Case 1431. Eventually, though, they turned to the director of the branch, Douglas Bicknese, who told me he would try again, one last time. He did not sound optimistic.</p>\n<p>Finally, Bicknese returned from the stacks with his hands coated in dust and a cautious smile on his face. At some point long ago, perhaps even in the nineteenth century, Wood&rsquo;s case had been misfiled in the records of the federal <em>District</em> Court in Ohio. Bicknese had looked in those long undisturbed boxes and caught a glimpse of the names Wood and Ward. He ran a vacuum cleaner over the soiled files, clearing away decades of dust and flakes of brittle paper. The name &lsquo;Henrietta&rsquo; materialized before our eyes. &hellip;</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>The case file, as I go on to explain, was bursting with new clues about Wood&rsquo;s story. And most critically, it included a filing labeled <a href=\"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/148721431\">Satisfaction</a>, which showed that Wood had finally been paid the money that she won, <a href=\"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/henrietta-wood-sued-reparations-won-180972845/\">money that made a real difference</a> in the lives of her son and descendants.</p>\n<p>(Below is a peek at our first look through the file that Bicknese found that day.)</p>\n<img src=\"https://updates.wcaleb.org/uploads/2026/img-1927.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" alt=\"Photograph of author examining the case file of Wood v. Ward at the Chicago branch of the National Archives\">\n<p>Today, the file for <em>Wood v. Ward</em> is emphasized as one of the <a href=\"https://www.archives.gov/chicago/highlights\">highlights</a> of the Chicago branch&rsquo;s collections, and thanks to Bicknese and his team, <a href=\"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/148026569\">the case file has been digitized</a> and made available to all. I had a chance to thank these archivists again when I returned to Chicago to film a <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOFXhtsNJ3Q\">short documentary</a> at the archive with a journalist from WGN. The video contains a glimpse of the hard work that archivists there do to preserve historic documents and make them available to the public.</p>\n<p>I sincerely hope that NARA officials will reconsider their precipitous decision to close this vital institution. With digitization and all the current discourse about AI transforming research, it is all too easy for the uninformed to take for granted that historical documents are already accessible enough.</p>\n<p>But my experience at the Chicago branch shows what it actually takes to uncover the many, many stories about the nation&rsquo;s past that are not yet known.\nIt requires researchers to go <em>in person</em> to archives whose managers are not always aware of all the treasures they hold. And it requires <em>expert, professional staff</em> who understand those archives better than anyone and can troubleshoot problems when a researcher requests a file.</p>\n<p>As the OAH notes:</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Archivists at Chicago and San Bruno have built careers around institutional knowledge that exists nowhere in a finding aid—about, for example, which record group actually contains a given case, what is in the records that have yet to be catalogued, how collections at their facility connect to related holdings at partner institutions, and more. Researchers who have relied on these facilities for decades characterize this staff expertise as inseparable from the collections. The loss of the staff and their deep institutional knowledge is a recurring, specific worry raised by working historians, genealogists, and tribal researchers.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>The OAH is absolutely right. The NARA&rsquo;s plans to close these gigantic archives will only make it harder for stories like Henrietta Wood&rsquo;s to be found. It is tempting to see this closure as part of a wider war on history waged by the current presidential administration. But access to archives is and should be a bipartisan imperative. Historians and all friends of history need to act now to let our representatives know why regional branches of the NARA matter.</p>\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-07-23T09:45:52-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/07/23/why-regional-branches-of-the.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/07/16/still-gathering-my-thoughts-for.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>Still gathering my thoughts for this Saturday&rsquo;s <a href=\"https://iona.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_v2EPzxj6Q0ukh3ANeODIGA#/registration\">session</a> honoring Jim Stewart at #SHEAR2026.</p>\n<img src=\"https://updates.wcaleb.org/uploads/2026/8fc0e88280.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" alt=\"Photograph of handwritten notes and a page from the preface of a book by Jim Stewart\">\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-07-16T08:27:21-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/07/16/still-gathering-my-thoughts-for.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/07/15/ill-be-at-shear-in.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>I&rsquo;ll be at #SHEAR2026 in Philadelphia this Saturday to chair a <a href=\"https://iona.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_v2EPzxj6Q0ukh3ANeODIGA#/registration\">hybrid roundtable session</a> honoring the late James Brewer Stewart. In preparation, I have had the pleasant task of going back through some of Jim&rsquo;s scholarship, to which I and so many other historians of abolitionism have been indebted over the years.</p>\n<p>I had forgotten that my copy of his great biography of William Lloyd Garrison, purchased online when I was just getting started in the profession, turned out to be a withdrawn library copy from Macalester College, Jim&rsquo;s academic home base for more than fifty years.</p>\n<p>I can still hear his voice and miss him terribly today.</p>\n<img src=\"https://updates.wcaleb.org/uploads/2026/img-3235.jpg\" alt=\"Photograph of three books written by James Brewer Stewart.\">\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-07-15T10:21:17-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/07/15/ill-be-at-shear-in.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/07/10/i-submitted-a-public-comment.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>I submitted a public comment on the OMB&rsquo;s proposed changes to federal grant-making procedures, indicating my agreement with the warnings of the American Historical Association about the revisions. Here&rsquo;s what I said:</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>As a professional historian, I have direct, personal experience with the federal grant-making process for humanities research, and I have observed how vital independent peer review is to that process. I am commenting on these regulations because I agree with professional non-profit organizations like the American Historical Association and the Organization of American Historians that the proposed changes (particularly to §200.205 and §200.340) will substantially weaken a system that is already working well.</p>\n<p>I have been the recipient of a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH); I have also had an application to another grant from the NEH rejected. But in both cases, I requested and received detailed feedback from scholars in my field whose anonymous input had been solicited by the NEH. What made the feedback valuable was the knowledge that the reviewers had closely read all of my submitted materials (as opposed only to the title or short description of the project) and also could draw on their broader reading of scholarship and the range of arguments in my field. That equipped them to rigorously evaluate the merits of my proposed research and advise me on how to improve my proposal.</p>\n<p>I have subsequently served on multiple review panels for NEH open calls. I have also written letters of support for proposals, some of which were funded and some of which were not. This experience has confirmed my respect for the merits of peer review as it was traditionally practiced by the NEH for many years. Especially valuable, when serving on the review panels, was the chance to hear the diverse viewpoints of other panelists and program officers, which sometimes persuaded me to change an initial evaluation. This is how a substantive review process in a scholarly context should work.</p>\n<p>Yet it is precisely these virtues of peer review that will be threatened by the proposed changes to §200.205 and §200.340, which allows agencies to overturn the recommendations of peer review for political reasons. The problem, I want to be clear, is not the idea of pre-issuance clearance by agency leaders; that has always been standard practice and makes sense from the perspective of financial stewardship and bureaucratic process. There will always be more good projects than can be funded, and so hard decisions must be made on the basis of peer reviewer recommendations. The problem is the proposed rule&rsquo;s explicit direction to agency leaders to assess whether a grant furthers a particular President&rsquo;s objectives, which subordinates the objective review of proposals' scholarly merits and feasibility to the political preferences of the moment. This is a recipe for favoritism and politically motivated research, rather than merit-based, rigorous funding review.</p>\n<p>The proposed change is clearly motivated by the assertion in Executive Order 14332 that past awards have been politically motivated. Yet if that is the objection to the status quo, I fail to see how explicitly building political motivation into the uniform guidance fixes the purported problem. Rather, it invites future administrations to swing research their own way. If the goal is to ensure that taxpayer dollars are well-spent on rigorous empirical research without fear or favor, then what is needed is more merit-based peer review, not less, and more reviewers, not fewer. I can easily predict, however, what will be the result of these changes: federal agencies will not be able to recruit scholarly peer reviewers, who will rightly wonder why they should spend their time and labor evaluating proposals that might be thrown out at the directive or whim of a politician.</p>\n<p>This is not mere speculation. In early 2025, I was serving on a review panel for the NEH whose operations were disrupted by the arrival of DOGE agents and mass firing of career public servants at the NEH. Our review panel was still in an early round of review, which meant that we were submitting initial scores based on our holistic review of materials. Had things proceeded as usual, we would have had a second round where we could view other panelists' feedback and, if warranted, adjust our scores based on the discussion. That second round never even happened, and it was subsequently revealed that DOGE agents arbitrarily canceled grants on the basis of project titles and short descriptions fed into ChatGPT, with ludicrous results like the canceling of a grant for museum HVAC repairs due to alleged DEI.</p>\n<p>The idea that this sham of a process is better for ensuring that meritorious projects are funded than the process I know first-hand, in which scholars spend many hours combing over proposals with care, is wrong on its face and bad for our national interest. Yet it is the sort of process clearly invited by this revision and the Executive Order that prompts it. I therefore respectfully urge the OMB not to adopt these revisions and will be contacting my Congressional representatives to express my concerns.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>The deadline for <a href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/document/OMB-2026-0034-0001\">making comments</a> is July 13. Thanks to the <a href=\"https://www.historians.org/news/action-alert-protect-independent-historical-research/\">AHA</a> and <a href=\"https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2026/07/10/the-omb-guidance-revision-threatens-all-research/\">Scholarly Kitchen</a> for alerting me to the issue.</p>\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-07-10T16:12:01-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/07/10/i-submitted-a-public-comment.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/07/10/the-full-june-issue-of.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>The full <a href=\"https://mavmatrix.uta.edu/journaltexashistory/vol2/iss1/\">June 2026 issue</a> of the open-access <em>Journal of Texas History</em> is out now from the Alliance for Texas History. It includes my article on &ldquo;The First Juneteenth: Black Churches, Reconstruction Politics, and the Houston Origins of June 19 Celebrations.&rdquo;</p>\n<img src=\"https://updates.wcaleb.org/uploads/2026/journal-of-texas-history-volume2-issue1.jpg\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" alt=\"Cover of Volume 2, Issue 1, of the Journal of Texas History, including a photograph of a nineteenth-century newspaper article headlined &quot;Freedmen's Celebration&quot;\">\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-07-10T09:31:40-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/07/10/the-full-june-issue-of.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/07/09/summer-is-sometimes-for-throwing.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>Summer is sometimes for throwing together what Robin Sloan calls <a href=\"https://www.robinsloan.com/notes/home-cooked-app/\">home-cooked apps</a>, like a simple page that just lets me search the stacks of my university library the way God intended.</p>\n<img src=\"https://updates.wcaleb.org/uploads/2026/just-search-fondy-screenshot.png\" width=\"600\" height=\"578\" alt=\"\">\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-07-09T10:46:08-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/07/09/summer-is-sometimes-for-throwing.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/06/27/hawkins-wilsons-fourth-of-july.html",
				"title": "Hawkins Wilson’s Fourth of July",
				"content_html": "<p>For many years, I have shared with my U.S. history students <a href=\"https://www.hawkinswilsonlegacy.com/his-story\">the letters of Hawkins Wilson</a>.</p>\n<p>Born into slavery, Wilson had been sold away from his family in Virginia as a child, eventually ending up in Texas. It was from there, on May 11, 1867, in Galveston, that Wilson composed a moving letter to an agent of the Freedmen’s Bureau, seeking information about his long-lost relatives in Caroline County, Virginia.</p>\n<p>He enclosed a letter that he intended for his sisters to read.</p>\n<p>A <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wDwDR6yjhk\">recent Ancestry documentary</a> used the names in this letter to build out Wilson&rsquo;s genealogy and reunite descendants of the Texas and Virginia branches. The film is moving and beautifully made, and I highly recommend it.</p>\n<p>I teach this letter because it helps students contemplate the horrors of the domestic slave trade, the strength of African American families, and the meaning of emancipation. These are the themes that scholars who have noticed the letter also focus on. (The letters are reproduced in Ira Berlin and Leslie S. Rowland, <em>Families and Freedom: A Documentary History of African-American Kinship in the Civil War Era</em> (New York: New Press, 1997).)</p>\n<p>But less attention has been paid, both by scholars and in my own teaching, to what Wilson shares with his sisters about his experience in Reconstruction Galveston.</p>\n<p>Hawkins Wilson writes:</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>My reputation is good before white and black. I am chief of all the turnouts of the colored people of Galveston&mdash; Last July 1866, I had the chief command of four thousand colored people of Galveston&mdash; So you may know that I am much better off, than I used to be when I was a little shaver in Caroline, running about in my shirt tail picking up chips&mdash; Now, if you were to see me in my fine suit of broadcloth, white kid gloves and long red sash, you would suppose it was Gen. Schofield marching in parade uniform into Richmond&mdash; The 1st day of May, 1867, I had 500 colored people, big and little, again under my command&mdash; We had a complete success and were complimented by Gen. Griffin and Mr. Wheelock the superintendent of the colored schools of Texas&mdash; We expect to have a picnic for the Sunday School soon. &hellip;</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>The sorts of &ldquo;turnouts of the colored people&rdquo; that Wilson describes here were widespread among African American communities in the post-emancipation South.</p>\n<p>As historians like Elsa Barkley Brown, Kathleen Ann Clark, and others have shown, Black Southerners used parades, picnics, and public holidays to lay claim to urban space and assert new rights.</p>\n<p>Springtime Sunday School picnics and processions were also common, and post-emancipation processions in Black communities across the south often featured marshals at the head of the parades, wearing ceremonial, quasi-military dress of the sort that Wilson describes.</p>\n<p>In this case, the day of the July 1866 parade Wilson remembered was also especially significant.</p>\n<p>When Wilson described himself at the head of 4,000 people in a parade during the summer of 1866, he was talking about an event that took place on the Fourth of July.</p>\n<p>A little digging in digitized newspapers turns up more about the July 1866 event that Wilson is remembering in May 1867.</p>\n<p>From the Galveston <em>Daily News</em> on <a href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-galveston-daily-news-procession-of/194021236/\">July 4, 1866</a>, for example, we learn about the arrival of many Black Houstonians in Galveston on July 3 in preparation for the day:</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>A procession of colored citizens passed our office yesterday evening. They had banners flying, and were on horseback and on foot. It was a stylish turnout, having a band in front of drum and fife. We learn that a portion of them composed the delegation sent down from Houston to participate in the celebration to-day.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>The <a href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-galveston-daily-news-more-about-the/194021898/\">next day</a>, the <em>Daily News</em> had an even longer report of the &ldquo;turnout,&rdquo; which allows us to imagine Hawkins Wilson at its head with his suit, gloves, and &ldquo;long red sash&rdquo;:</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>The freedmen&rsquo;s procession yesterday was conducted through the principal streets in an orderly manner. There was a profusion of banners and flags in the hands of the horsemen, and each of the schools had a banner with mottoes upon them. There appeared to be, from the sashes and other insignia, at least two companies or societies of males and three of females. We suppose one to be a benevolent association, and another to be a debating society.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>There is also a report in <em>Flake&rsquo;s Bulletin</em> from July 6, 1866:</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>&hellip; In pursuance of previous arrangements, a [illegible] procession of freedmen and women, [illegible] on the Public Square, at 11 A.M., and [..] marching through the principal streets [..] repaired to Smith&rsquo;s garden, where [..] enjoyed themselves during this day. [..] displayed flags and banners with appropriate mottoes and devices. The column halted and gave three rousing cheers, in [&hellip;] of Department and Bureau headquarters. The pupils of the colored schools, accompanied by the teachers, tidily dressed, and [holding] a banner on which was inscribed, &ldquo;Education is our Motto,&rdquo; formed a noticeable feature of the procession. The affair was conducted throughout with perfect order, and [&hellip;] credit upon the freedmen of Galveston.</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>Finally, a newly digitized newspaper from Houston, the <em>Daily Evening Star,</em> included a <a href=\"https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1882570/m1/3/zoom/?resolution=1&amp;lat=6517.40415497182&amp;lon=986.4398501733419\">July 5 letter</a> about the event from its Galveston correspondent (whose pseudonym was “Comanche”), which further describes the uniforms, route, and music at the procession:</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>About ten o&rsquo;clock A. M., the soul stiring [sic] music of the drum and fife saluted the ears of sojourners upon the Strand, and a squad of horsemen with the American flag were seen to turn from Tremont street, headed by a freedman mounted upon a clay bank horse, wearing up on his (the freedman&rsquo;s not the horse&rsquo;s) shoulders a huge pair of epaulettes. Brandishing like Marmion, a blade about his head, shouting something, from the distance I could not discern whether it was &ldquo;victory&rdquo; or &ldquo;file right.&rdquo; Something, however, was shouted by him in an authoritative and commanding manner, and the freedmen seemed to obey. They proceeded down the Strand. &hellip;</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>I read these articles recently while working on my <a href=\"https://www.alliancefortexashistory.org/juneteenth\">new article</a> for the <em>Journal of Texas History</em> on the first Juneteenth anniversary, which took place in Houston on June 19, 1866.</p>\n<p>When I revisit Wilson’s letter in light of the evidence presented there, it strikes me as additional evidence that Houston, rather than Galveston, was the site of the first June 19 celebration to be held on June 19 itself. Hawkins Wilson remembers a procession 4,000-strong on July 4, 1866, in Galveston, but neither he nor any the newspapers cited above mentions the occurrence of any similar event in Galveston a few weeks before on June 19.</p>\n<p>The articles and the size of the “turnout” on July 4 also gives insight into the relationships between Black communities and churches in Houston and Galveston at the time.</p>\n<p>The <em>Daily Evening Star</em> had earlier reported that freedpeople from Galveston came up to Houston for the events held there on June 19. The fact that the <em>Daily News</em> later reported, in turn, that Houston sent a delegation &ldquo;down&rdquo; to Galveston for the July 4, 1866, suggests that the conjoined communities of &ldquo;colored people&rdquo; in the two sister cities had likely celebrated June 19 in Houston that year, and July 4 in Galveston.</p>\n<p>Most of all, however, reading more about the scale of the Fourth of July observance in Galveston in July 1866 makes clear why Hawkins Wilson was so proud of his role in the day’s festivities as “chief of all the turnouts.”</p>\n<p>Indeed, as I now read the details from the <em>Daily Evening Star</em> about “a freedman mounted upon a clay bank horse,” shouting orders and brandishing a sword on the Strand, it is impossible for me not to imagine that this was Hawkins Wilson himself—celebrating freedom on the Fourth of July.</p>\n<p>The celebration was tinged, even a year later, by his grief from the loss of his family. But if he found them, he wanted them to know about the sashes, the gloves, and the epaulettes.</p>\n<p>About the victory.</p>\n<p>And on the eve of the nation’s 250th birthday, that part of Wilson’s letter is worth remembering and celebrating too.</p>\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-06-27T07:29:26-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/06/27/hawkins-wilsons-fourth-of-july.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/06/21/my-family-made-me-a.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>My family made me a Father’s Day playlist of random earworms I woke up singing over the last year. From the Marx Brothers to Mavis Staples, it’s quite a journey (but no Journey).</p>\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-06-21T09:44:40-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/06/21/my-family-made-me-a.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/06/20/as-part-of-this-mornings.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>As part of this morning’s ceremony, four historical markers of lynchings in Harris County were unveiled in downtown Houston. In the background stands the county jail. These markers are part of EJI’s <a href=\"https://eji.org/projects/community-remembrance-project/\">Community Remembrance Project</a>.</p>\n<img src=\"https://updates.wcaleb.org/uploads/2026/b9bc4f6a9b.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" alt=\"\">\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-06-20T15:29:56-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/06/20/as-part-of-this-mornings.html"
			},
			{
				"id": "http://wcaleb.micro.blog/2026/06/20/powerful-ceremony-this-morning-in.html",
				
				"content_html": "<p>Powerful ceremony this morning in Harris County for the unveiling of design plans for <a href=\"https://www.hcp1.net/RemembrancePark\">Remembrance Park</a> in Houston.</p>\n<img src=\"https://updates.wcaleb.org/uploads/2026/1b8f07a8f3.jpg\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" alt=\"\">\n",
				
				"date_published": "2026-06-20T10:18:05-05:00",
				"url": "https://updates.wcaleb.org/2026/06/20/powerful-ceremony-this-morning-in.html"
			}
	]
}
